Thirty-nine years of unified grain purchasing and marketing – Reflections on life – Blue Grass – Ten thousand beautiful articles, touching you and me!
The policy of unified grain purchase and marketing went through thirty-nine years of ups and downs from its implementation in 1953 to its end in 1992.
The unified purchase and marketing of grain means using the coercive power of the political power to allow farmers to sell the grain they produce to the state. The grain needed by the whole society is also supplied by the state. Even the variety and quantity of the rations eaten by the farmers themselves must be regulated. ET Escorts can stay only with the consent of the country. At the same time, the grain market is strictly controlled and unfettered trading is strictly prohibited. It seems now that the policy of unified purchase and marketing of grain is actually an overbearing clause imposed by the state on farmers. Because the purchase price of grain is high or low, farmers have to sell it even if they agree to keep ET Escorts‘s rations If you don’t have enough food, you can’t keep an extra pound in your stomach.
Thirty-nine years is just a small wave in the long river of history, but it has accompanied people of our time for most of their lives. I remember that in the years after 1954, when rural areas were still run by individuals, every autumn, village cadres distributed the task of selling surplus grain assigned by their superiors to each household. If yEthiopia Sugarou’re not movEthiopians Escorting forward, you’re falling Back. On top of the people, meetings and small meetings are held every day, and mobilization work is done day and night for farmers who are not ideologically sound. When they encounter some farmers who are not born well, they will give them a hard time. In some villages, people were even beaten because they were trying to undermine the unified purchasing and marketing system. It is said that Oppo committed suicide nationwide because Life is 10 percent what happens to me and 90 percent how I react to it.Ethiopians Escortrtunities Ethiopia Sugardon’t happen, you create them. There are many people. Under layers of high pressure, farmers had no choice but to sell part of their rations and seed grains. At that time, even the official admitted that some “excessive grain” had been collected. Half hungry and half full in the countrysideThat’s when the days began.
Later, agriculture became cooperative, and then the National Commune became ET Escorts. There was no need to go it alone to complete the task of collecting and purchasing food. It was so difficult to work at that time. Now we only need to clarify the thinking of the important cadres in the village (later called the brigade). In order to keep their black hat, most village cadres always complete the national collection and purchase tasks Ethiopia Sugar before setting the rations of the members. I remember that after the autumn of 1957, our village had no food rations for several months, and even the bran and chaff that farmers from China had saved to feed pigs were eaten up. In the early days of the National Commune, the Great Leap Forward fueled the trend of exaggeration. Grain “satellites” were launched all over the country, and news about yields of 1,000 or even 10,000 jins per mu frequently appeared in the press. Exaggeration creates the illusion that there is too much food to eat. At the same time, after “increasing” so much grain, it was difficult to sell much of it to the country, so some village generals and commune membersEthiopians Escort’s rations were sold to the state. When the superiors came to inspect, they packed rice husks into the grain tuns and covered them with a layer of rice to fool the inspectors, saying that they were the mouths of the commune membersEthiopians Sugardaddy has enough food left. In those crazy years, this kind of farce of pretending to be thin was not uncommon. When decision makers at Ethiopia Sugar Daddy saw Do something today that your future self will thank you for. So many popped up in a while ET Escorts, the situation is so good, it is convenient for a moment. Motivation is what gets you started. Habit is what keeps you going. faint . So public canteens were set up in rural areas across the country to “eat a full meal”, which was called “a step into communism” at that time. The farmers sincerely cheered: “Eating without money, I have thought about it for thousands of years… “. When someone worries that there’s not much food in the warehouse, it always seems impossible until it’s done., How many days can this kind of abuse last? The village cadres all comforted the masses with these words: “What are you worried about? If the brigade eats up, there will be a commune. If the commune eats up, there will be a country. The country will have plenty of food!” Sure enough, within a few good days, the public canteen ran out of food. , the farmers who had just entered the communist society suddenly fell from the sky to the ground. First, the dry ones were changed to thin ones. Later, when there was no food left, they ate carrots. When the carrots were gone, they ate carrot tassels.
Since our area is a grain-producing area and we have encountered such a “big harvest year”, we are not eligible to apply for national resale of grain. Besides, it was those local officials who vowed to report to their superiors “
a href=”https://ethiopia-sugar.com/”>ET EscortsGood news about increased production”, how can I have the dignity to ask for food from my superiors? Of course, there are also local officials who dare to tell the truth. They first sincerely review the mistake of falsely reporting food production, and then truthfully report the situation of food shortageEthiopia Sugar Daddy situation. Even then, the little rebate grain obtained is a drop in the bucket. As a result, people fled from famine, people starved to death, and the rural conditions in some places were appalling. According to later related articles, tens of millions of people starved to death across the country in those years, and the national grain warehouse still had tens of billions of kilograms of inventory! There were also some tough local officials who opened warehouses to release grain without permission. Although they were severely punished at the time, they were all vindicated in the end. At that time, there was an ancient poem in the primary school textbook: “It is noon on the day of hoeing, and the sweat is dripping on the soil. There is no idle land in the world, and the farmers are still starving to death.” When reading it, people “have a special taste in their hearts.”
After the three-year famine, the central government put forward the eight-character policy of “adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement” and adjusted the order of national economic construction to “agriculture, light and heavy”. And a series of policies have been introduced to “expand the agriculturalEthiopia Sugar Daddyindustry” and “expand the grain industry”, and the rural environment is rapidly improving. Slowly improving, grain output remains relatively stable at a low levelEthiopia Sugar DaddyFor several years, farmers’ rations have basically remained at more than one pound of raw grain per person per day. Although it can only maintain half-starvation and half-fullness, people will no longer starve to death. Later, as the supply of chemical fertilizers increased year by year, there began to be some increased grain production in rural areas, but this Ethiopia Sugar Daddy departmentGrain does not allow farmers to arbitrarily increase their rations. The country has issued the task of “Ethiopia-sugar.com/”>Ethiopians Escort over-production of grain”, and the purchase price of over-production of grain is The price is increased by 30% compared to the unified purchase task. Except for a part of the over-production department that is kept in the production team as a “grain reserve”, the rest must be sold to the state. Therefore, in those years, on one side were the open-air grain farms where the national grain depots towered into the clouds, and on the other side were the farmers living a miserable life of half hunger and half full. The political slogans at that time were “Prepare for war and prepare for famine for the countryEthiopia Sugar Daddypeople” and “Dig holes deep and store grain widely…”.
At that time, the life of urban residents was not easy. Adults only had a monthly ration of more than 20 to 30 kilograms of finished grain, and children had even less. The supply of non-staple food is very tight. Not to mention meat, poultry, and eggs, even soy products are included in the plan. Although today, the amount of food they consume may be less than the food rations at that time, at that time, that ration was not enough to eat. Later, most of their families had children who went to the mountains and countryside, and they had to do everything possible to save some food to support their children.
The price of unified grain purchase has remained at a very low level for many years. The “grain levy” in grain collection and purchase is used to offset agricultural taxes, and farmers do not get a penny from it. “Unified purchase” The price of “grain” is set very low. Remember, indica rice only costs eight or nine cents per catty, and wheat costs a little more than ten cents. At that time, a production team only spent a few thousand yuan on selling grain throughout the year. After deducting the income from chemical fertilizers, pesticides, raising livestock, etc., there was not much money left to “distribute” to the members. A strong laborer’s pay for a day’s work is only five or six cents.
Recently, after reading several related articles, I figured out what “shear difference” is. The policy of unified purchasing and marketing is to use the “shear difference” between the prices of industrial and agricultural products to achieve primitive accumulation of industry from agriculture. The operation process is as follows: first, purchase grains at low and medium prices from farmersEthiopians Escort /ethiopia-sugar.com/”>Ethiopians Sugardaddy then sells it to urban residents and grain-consuming enterprises at low prices to maintain low wages and low raw material costs in large industries, thereby continuously generating excess industrial profits. Finally, Go confidently in the direction of your dreams.Live the life you have imagined. Later, the construction funds for industrialization were concentrated through industrial transfers. Therefore, the “scissor gap”Ethiopia Sugar Daddy is actually a kind of “hidden tax.” According to reports: the highest estimate is that the state has taken away 700 billion yuan from farmers through the “scissor gap”! At the end of 1984, the original value of fixed assets of state-owned enterprises across the country was only 737 billion. “Poor scissors” has left farmers impoverished. It can be seen that the Chinese farmers have made great sacrifices for the primitive accumulation of industry in the country!
After the distribution of land to each household, the state changed the unified purchase of grain to contract purchase in 1985. At that time, the enthusiasm of farmers who had been assigned to the land to grow grain, which had been restricted for many years, was regained Ethiopians Sugardaddy was released, and grain production increased year after year. After completing the national order, they had food that they could use at their own disposal. They finally waited for the day when they no longer had to worry about not having enough to eat. However, although the grain purchase price has been slightly increased at this time, the grain market has not yet been liberalized, and farmers’ economic income has not increased significantly. It was not until 1Ethiopians Sugardaddy in 1992 that the country’s grain stocks had become a burden, and the unified purchase and marketing policy finally joined the stage of history. , announcing the end of an era.
In summary, the advantages and disadvantages of the unified purchase and marketing policy are obvious. Its positive effect is to accumulate a large amount of funds for the country’s industrialization. The negative reason is that the income of farmers during that era is unforgettable. Although this primitive Ethiopians Sugardaddy accumulation method is no different from that of capitalist society, the author believes that there are essential differences between the two. The capitalists put the plundered surplus value into their own pockets, but our expenditure has turned into national wealth. It belongs to the country, and in the final analysis, it belongs to the people themselves. However, a question that puzzles us is: Is unified purchasing and marketing the only way to solve the food crisis and achieve industrial accumulation? Although there is no correct answer to this question, the fact before us is that the national economy has developed by leaps and bounds in the post-monopolized purchase and marketing era.
To this day, the country not only no longer uses the “shear gap” method to rob farmers, but instead exempts farmers from paying agricultural taxes for thousands of years, and also pays an amount every year Huge amounts of money are used to subsidize foodfood production and new rural construction. At the same time, in order to avoid the phenomenon of “low prices hurting farmers” in the grain market after liberalization, the country will issue a protective price for grain every year, and farmers will sell Ethiopia SugarThe food that is not lost will be collected by the state according to the price of protection Ethiopians Escort. It can be seen that Chinese farmers in the 21st century may be regarded as the happiest farmers in Chinese history. The income of our generation has become their dividends today, and they have gone to hell. FathersEthiopians SugardaddymaybeEthiopians Sugardaddyenough to take some comfort in that.